Diseembar 14, 2020, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ayaa ka warbixisaySARS-CoV-2 nooc walaac ah (VOC), nasabka B.1.1.7,sidoo kale loo yaqaan VOC 202012/01 ama 20I/501Y.V1.*B.1.1.7 kala duwanaanshuhu waxa lagu qiyaasaa inuu soo baxay Sebtembar2020 oo si dhakhso ah u noqday kan ugu sarreeyaKala duwanaanshaha SARS-CoV-2 ee England (1).B.1.1.7 ayaa ahaalaga helay in ka badan 30 wadan, oo uu ku jiro Maraykanka.SidaJanaayo 13, 2021, qiyaastii 76 xaaladood oo B.1.1.7 ah ayaa lehlaga helay 12 gobol oo Maraykanka ah.Xariiqyo badan oo caddayn ahwaxay tilmaamayaan in B.1.1.7 ay si ka tayo badan la isugu gudbiyonoocyada kale ee SARS-CoV-2 (1-3).Tubta la qaabeeyey eeKala duwanaanshiyahan Mareykanka wuxuu muujinayaa koror degdeg ah horraanta 2021,noqoshada kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan ee Maarso.KordhayGudbinta SARS-CoV-2 waxay halis gelin kartaa daryeelka caafimaad ee adagagabka, waxay u baahan yihiin fulin dheer oo aad u adagee xeeladaha caafimaadka dadweynaha (4), oo kordhiya boqolkiibadifaaca dadweynaha ayaa looga baahan yahay xakamaynta masiibada.QaadashadaTallaabooyinka lagu yareynayo gudbinta hadda waxay yareyn karaan awooddasaamaynta B.1.1.7 oo u ogolow wakhti muhiim ah si loo kordhiyo tallaalkadaboolida.Si wada jir ah, la xoojiyey ilaalinta genomigaoo ay weheliso u hoggaansanaanta joogtada ah ee dadweynaha waxtarka lehTallaabooyinka caafimaadka, oo ay ku jiraan tallaalka, fogeynta jirka,isticmaalka waji-xidhka, nadaafadda gacmaha, iyo go'doominta iyo karantiilka, ayaa doonaWaa lagama maarmaan si loo xaddido faafitaanka SARS-CoV-2, fayraskaoo sababa cudurka coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).Istaraatiijiyadeedbaarista dadka aan lahayn calaamado laakiin halis sare ugu jiracaabuqa, sida kuwa uu soo gaadhay SARS-CoV-2 ama kuwa qabaxiriir joogto ah oo aan laga maarmi karin oo lala yeesho dadweynaha, wuxuu bixiyaa mid kalefursad lagu xaddido faafitaanka socda.

Ilaalinta genomic caalami ah iyo shaar il furan oo degdeg ahIsku dhafka genome-ka fayraska ayaa fududeeyay waqtiga-dhabta ahogaanshaha, isbarbardhigga, iyo dabagalka isbeddelka SARS-CoV-2noocyo kala duwan oo wargelin kara dadaallada caafimaadka dadweynaha si loo xakameeyocudur calaami ah.Halka qaar ka mid ah isbeddellada ku yimid genome-ka fayraskasoo bixi ka dibna dib u gurtaan, kuwa kale ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku siiyaan adeeg doorashou tag kala duwanaanshiyaha, oo ay ku jiraan gudbinta la xoojiyey, sikala duwanaanshuhu wuxuu si degdeg ah u maamuli karaa noocyo kale oo wareeg ah.

Bilowgii cudurka faafa, noocyo kala duwan oo SARS-CoV-2 ka koobanisbeddelka D614G ee borotiinka spike (S) ee kor u kacaAvidity xidhidhiyaha receptor si degdeg ah u noqday awood in badanjuquraafi ahaan gobolada (5,6).Dabayaaqadii deyrta 2020, waddamo badan ayaa sheegay in la ogaadayKala duwanaanshaha SARS-CoV-2 oo si hufan u faafaya.Intaa waxaa dheerKala duwanaanshaha B.1.1.7, noocyada caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah B.1.351nasabka markii ugu horeysay laga helay Koonfur Afrika iyo kuwa dhowaan la aqoonsadayB.1.1.28 hoosaad (loo magacaabay"P.1”) laga helay afar safarKa yimid Brazil inta lagu guda jiro baaritaanka joogtada ah ee Haneda (Tokyo)garoonka diyaaradaha.§ Kala duwanaanshiyahani waxa ay wataan ururro hidde-side ahtions, oo ay ku jiraan S-protein receptor-binding domain,taas oo lagama maarmaan u ah in lagu xiro angiotensin unugga martida loo yahaybeddelidda enzyme-2 (ACE-2) reseptor si loo fududeeyo fayraskagelid.Caddaynta ayaa soo jeedinaysa in isbeddellada kale laga helay kuwanKala duwanaanshiyaha ayaa laga yaabaa inay keenaan kororka gudbinta laakiinWaxa kale oo laga yaabaa inay saamayso waxqabadka qaar ka mid ah ogaanshaha wakhtiga dhabta ahdib u qorista-falcelinta silsiladda polymerase (RT-PCR)qiyaasid¶ waxayna yareeyaan u nuglaanshaha ka hortagga unugyada difaaca jirka(2,3,5-10).Warbixin kiis oo dhowaan soo baxday ayaa diiwaangelisay kiiskii ugu horreeyay eeCudurka SARS-CoV-2 ee Brazil oo leh nooc SARS-CoV-2 ahkaas oo ka koobnaa isu beddelka E484K,** kaas oo la muujiyeysi loo yareeyo dhexdhexaadnimada by convalescent sera iyo monoclonalunugyada difaaca jirka (9,10).

Warbixintani waxay diiradda saaraysaa soo ifbaxa kala duwanaanshaha B.1.1.7gudaha Maraykanka.Laga bilaabo Janaayo 12, 2021, midkoodnaB.1.351 ama P.1 kala duwanaanshiyaha ayaa lagu ogaadayMaraykanka.Wixii macluumaad ah ee ku saabsan SARS-CoV-2 ee soo baxayakala duwanaanshaha welwelka, CDC waxay haysaa bog shabakad u go'anbixinta macluumaadka ku saabsan noocyada SARS-CoV-2 ee soo baxaya.††

 B.1.1.7 abtirsiinyo (20I/501Y.V1)

Kala duwanaanshiyaha B.1.1.7 waxa uu sido isbeddel ku yimaadda borotiinka S(N501Y) kaas oo saameeya is-waafajinta soo-dhoweyntadomain.Kala duwanaanshiyahani waxa uu leeyahay 13 kale oo B.1.1.7 ah oo qeexaya qaab-qeexidda (Shaxda), kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay ku jiraan borotiinka S,oo ay ku jirto tirtirida boosaska 69 iyo 70 (del69-70) taassi iskiis ah ugu kobcay noocyada kale ee SARS-CoV-2 waanamala awaal si loo kordhiyo gudbinta (2,7).TirtiriddaMeelaha 69 iyo 70 waxay sababaan fashilka bartilmaameedka S-gene (SGTF)ugu yaraan hal RT-PCR-baadhis ku salaysan ogaanshaha (ie, laThermoFisher Taq Path COVID-19 assay, B.1.1.7 variQudhaanjada iyo noocyo kale oo leh del69-70 waxay soo saaraan tabannatiijada bartilmaameedka S-gene iyo natiijo wanaagsan labada kalebartilmaameedyada);SGTF waxay wakiil uga noqotay Boqortooyada Ingiriiskasi loo ogaado kiisaska B.1.1.7 (1).Xariiqo badan oo caddayn ah ayaa muujinaya in B.1.1.7 uu ka badan yahaysi hufan loo kala qaado marka la barbar dhigo SARS-CoV-2 kalekala duwanaansho ah oo ku wareegaysa Boqortooyada Ingiriiska.Gobolada UK oo lehqayb sare oo taxane ah oo B.1.1.7 ah ayaa si degdeg ah u faafaykoritaanka marka loo eego meelaha kale, baarista SGTF ayaa kordhaySi ka dhakhso badan baaritaannada aan SGTF ahayn ee isla aagagga, iyo aQayb sare oo xiriir ah ayaa ku dhacay bukaannada indexoo leh infekshannada B.1.1.7 marka loo eego bukaannada index ka qabakala duwanaansho kale (1,3).Kala duwanaanshaha B.1.1.7 ayaa awood u leh inuu kordhiyo digsiga Maraykankajihada maskaxda bilaha soo socda.Si loo muujiyo saamayntan,qaab fudud oo laba nooc ah ayaa la sameeyay.Baahitaanka Maraykanka ee hadda ee B.1.1.7 dhammaan wareegtadaFayrasyada lama yaqaan laakiin waxaa loo maleynayaa inay <0.5% ku saleysan yihiintirada xaddidan ee kiisaska la ogaaday iyo xogta SGTF (8).Waayomoodeelka, malo-awaalka hore waxa ka mid ahaa faafitaanka B.1.1.70.5% dhammaan caabuqyada, SARS-CoV-2 waxay ka hortagtaainfekshankii hore ee 10%-30%, taran waqti-kala duwanlambarka (R t) ee 1.1 (la dhimay laakiin sii kordhaya)ama 0.9 (hoos u gudbinta) noocyada hadda jira, iyo dhacdooyinka la soo tebiyay ee 60 xaaladood 100,000 qofba maalintiiJanaayo 1, 2021. Malahani si sax ah uma matalaanmeel kasta oo Maraykan ah, laakiin taa beddelkeeda, waxay muujisaa guud ahaanxaaladaha dalka oo dhan ku badan.Isbeddelkii R t wuu dhammaadaywaqti ka dhashay difaac la helay iyo preva sii kordhayalence ee B.1.1.7, ayaa la qaabeeyey, iyadoo B.1.1.7 R t la qaatay.si joogto ah 1.5 jeer R t kala duwanaanshaha hadda, ku salaysanqiyaasaha hore ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska (1,3).Marka xigta, saameynta tallaalka ee suurtagalka ah ayaa la qaabeeyeyiyadoo loo malaynayo in 1 milyan oo qiyaas tallaal ah la bixiyay halkiibamaalinta bilaabanaysa Janaayo 1, 2021, iyo 95% xasaanaddawaxaa la gaaray 14 maalmood ka dib markii la helay 2 qiyaasood.Gaar ahaan,ka-hortagga caabuqa leh noocyada hadda jira ama kuwaB.1.1.7 kala duwanaanshiyaha ayaa la qaatay, inkastoo waxtarka iyomuddada ka-hortagga caabuqa ayaa weli ah mid aan la hubin,sababtoo ah kuwani ma ahayn meesha ugu horeysa ee tijaabooyinka caafimaadtallaalada bilowga ah.Qaabkan, faafitaanka B.1.1.7 markii hore wuu hooseeyaa, weli sababtoo ahway ka sii gudbi kartaa marka loo eego noocyada hadda jira, way soo bandhigtaakobaca degdega ah ee horaanta 2021, isagoo noqday kala duwanaanshaha ugu badanQudhaanjada bisha Maarso (Jaantuska 1).Haddii gudbinta haddaKala duwanaanshiyaha ayaa sii kordhaya (horta R t = 1.1) ama si tartiib tartiib ah hoos u dhacaya(bilawga R t = 0.9) bisha Janaayo, B.1.1.7 waxay wadaa isbedel la taaban karoee habka gudbinta iyo waji cusub oo jibbaaro ahkoritaanka.Tallaalka ka hortagaya caabuqa, waaDabeecadaha hore ee cudurku isma beddelaan oo B.1.1.7 wuu faafaaweli way dhacdaa (Jaantuska 2).Si kastaba ha noqotee, ka dib B.1.1.7 waxay noqotaakala duwanaanshiyaha ugu weyn, gudbintiisa si weyn ayaa loo dhimay.Saamaynta tallaalku ku leeyahay dhimista gudbinta ee dhowerey-bixintu waxay ahayd tii ugu waynayd marka la eego muuqaalkii gudbintamar hore ayaa hoos u dhacay (R t = 0.9) (Jaantuska 2).Dadaalka hore inwaxay xaddidi kartaa fidinta kala duwanaanshaha B.1.1.7, sida universal iyokordhinta u hoggaansanaanta xeeladaha yaraynta caafimaadka dadweynaha,waxay u ogolaan doontaa waqti dheeraad ah tallaalka socda si loo gaaro heer sarexasaanadda heerka dadweynaha.

Dood

Hadda, ma jiro farqi la og yahay oo u dhexeeya natiijooyinka bukaan-socodkala xidhiidha kala duwanaanshaha SARS-CoV-2 ee la sharraxay;si kastaba ha ahaatee,heerka sare ee gudbinta ayaa horseedi doonta kiisas badan, sii kordhayaTirada guud ee dadka u baahan daryeel caafimaad, aad uga sii dartayculayska saaraya nidaam daryeel caafimaad oo hore u xumaaday,waxaana ka dhashay dhimasho badan.Ilaalinta genomic ee joogtada ahsi loo aqoonsado kiisaska B.1.1.7, iyo sidoo kale soo ifbaxa kuwa kaleKala duwanaanshaha walaaca ee Maraykanka, ayaa muhiim u ahCOVID-19 jawaabta caafimaadka bulshada.Halka natiijooyinka SGTFwaxay kaa caawin kartaa in la aqoonsado xaaladaha B.1.1.7 ee la xaqiijin karoiyadoo la isku xigxigo, la aqoonsanayo kala duwanaanshaha mudnaanta leh ee aan soo bandhiginSGTF waxay si gaar ah ugu tiirsan tahay dabagal ku saleysan taxanaha.